Fred Hollows wanted equal eye health opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. He wanted Australians to take notice of the appalling living conditions and the lack of access to basic health care and sanitation Indigenous Peoples were experiencing, right here in Australia. That’s why, over the course of two years, Fred and his team undertook a momentous and vital task: the National Trachoma and Eye Health Program.
Below is a breakdown of Fred’s journey down the path of social activism. It shows how caring for people’s eye health led this outspoken eye doctor to becoming an iconic Australian, who is revered around the world as a humanitarian and advocate for equal opportunity for all.
Fred meets a human rights activist
In the mid ‘60s Fred met author Frank Hardy and joined the Save the Gurindji committee, which consisted of activists who were supporting Aboriginal pastoral workers on strike at Wave Hill Station in the Northern Territory.
Fred meets Aboriginal elders
In the late ’60s, while Fred was working at the Prince of Wales Hospital he was asked to examine two Aboriginal elders from Wattie Creek (Dagurugu) in the Northern Territory. Fred noticed that they had eye problems he had never seen before – eye problems like trachoma, which most doctors at the time thought were exclusive to Africa having not encountered them in Australia for decades.
Fred visit Wattie Creek
Fred grew concerned by his findings, and he visited the two elders in Wattie Creek to determine the eye health status of their entire community. When Fred started examining the people there, he was shocked at the prevalence of blinding cataract and trachoma in men, women, and children. There he met Vincent Lingiari, the Aboriginal activist who led the Wave Hill Walk Off. He later operated on Vincent’s eyes.
Fred lends support to Aboriginal legal service
When Fred returned to Sydney, he was asked by the Redfern Aboriginal Legal Service to join their meeting. The Aboriginal Legal Service was swamped by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples who had medical problems because at the time:
- Indigenous People weren’t welcome in many doctor’s surgeries in Australia
- Aboriginal People were pushed to the back of the queue in hospitals and clinics
Fred supports Aboriginal medical centre
Fred’s meeting with the Redfern Aboriginal Legal Service led to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, together with non-Indigenous people, reaching a consensus that an Aboriginal Medical Centre was needed:
- It was decided that the location would be Redfern
- The project got off the ground in record speed of 10 days
- Fred found a truck and stocked it with medical supplies from the Prince of Wales Hospital to equip the new facility
- As a result of the first Aboriginal Medical Centre’s success, hundreds more centres were established around Australia
Fred asks for governement support
In 1975 Fred and some health department workers approached the Australian Government for funding, and formed the National Trachoma and Eye Health Program with the $1.4 million they were provided. The aim of the program was to:
- Eliminate trachoma in Indigenous communities
- Raise eye health awareness in Indigenous communities
- Screen, diagnose and treat eye diseases in remote areas
- Establish ongoing eye care programs and training in rural Australia
Fred leads the National Trachoma Program
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists’ National Trachoma and Eye Health Program involved Fred, Gabi, and many specialist teams travelling all around Australia.
They travelled to remote and rural areas that didn’t have good access to eye health services, and they examined and treated more than 100,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples as possible.
Key to the success of the program was the involvement and leadership of Indigenous health workers and representatives who travelled with the team and worked tirelessly to help bring eye health care to many people in need. The key workers included Jilipia Jones, Gordon Briscoe, Trevor Buzzacott, Rose Murray, Reg Murray.
The National Trachoma Program was a huge success and over the course of the next two years, the team:
- Screened more than 100,000 people in 465 communities
- Performed 1,000 operations
- Treated 27,000 people for trachoma
- Delivered 1,000 pairs of individually-prescribed glasses
The National Trachoma Program’s success was thanks to local community involvement. The medical team sought the local knowledge and expertise of an Indigneous liaison officer to visit Aboriginal communities and talk them through the program, and address any of their questions or concerns to make sure they were comfortable and at ease about receiving treatment.
Fred's legacy
As part of carrying on Fred’s vision, one of driving principles for The Fred Hollows Foundation is to end avoidable blindness and improve the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples through our Indigenous Australia Program.
What is the Indigenous Australia Program?
Our Indigenous Australia Program was established in 1999 and is run by a dedicated team of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous staff who work to improve access to eye health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples across Australia.
Why is there a need for the Indigenous Australia Program?
- 35% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults have never had an eye exam
- 94% of vision loss in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples is preventable or treatable
- The four main conditions that cause vision loss are in Indigenous communities include:
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are:
- 3 times more likely to go blind than other Australians
- 3 times more likely to suffer from diabetes
- 12 times more likely to suffer from blinding cataract
Since 2006, Australia’s peak health bodies, NGOs and human rights organisations have worked together to achieve health and life expectancy equity/parity for Australia’s Indigenous population. This campaign is called Close the Gap.
The Fred Hollows Foundation works to Close the Gap to:
- Improve health systems
- Advocate for bipartisan support
- Seek long-term funding solutions
- Ensure that by 2030, every Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child should live a long and healthy life like other Australian children.
